In India, the regulation of alcohol varies significantly across its states and union territories, reflecting a complex interplay of cultural, historical, and socio-economic factors. While many regions permit the sale and consumption of alcohol under specific regulations, certain areas have implemented complete or partial bans. This article explores the regions in India where alcohol is prohibited and delves into the reasons behind these prohibitions.
Gujarat, the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi, has enforced a strict prohibition on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol since its formation in 1960. This policy aligns with Gandhi's advocacy for temperance and his view of alcohol consumption as a social evil. The state's prohibition laws are among the strictest in India, reflecting a commitment to Gandhian principles. However, alcohol is now available under certain conditions. Tourists and non-residents can legally purchase alcohol from designated liquor shops by obtaining a temporary liquor permit. These permits are issued to visitors staying in select hotels or clubs licensed to serve alcohol. Additionally, residents with medical conditions requiring alcohol consumption can apply for a health permit, allowing them to purchase alcohol from authorized outlets.
In April 2016, Bihar implemented a total ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol. The decision was driven by concerns over social issues, including domestic violence and economic hardships attributed to alcohol abuse. The state government aimed to promote social welfare and improve public health through this prohibition.
Nagaland has enforced prohibition since 1989 under the Nagaland Liquor Total Prohibition Act. The ban was influenced by local religious and social organizations aiming to curb alcohol-related problems and preserve cultural values.
Alcohol was initially prohibited in Mizoram in 1997, influenced by the church and civil society organizations concerned about alcohol-related issues. The ban was lifted in 2015 but reimposed in 2019, reflecting ongoing debates about alcohol's impact on society.
The union territory of Lakshadweep prohibits the sale and consumption of alcohol, except on the uninhabited island of Bangaram, primarily to respect the religious and cultural sentiments of its predominantly Muslim population. 
In Manipur, prohibition has been enforced in specific districts, including Imphal East, Imphal West, Thoubal, and Bishnupur, since 1991. The policy reflects efforts to address alcohol-related issues while considering local customs and practices. Despite the ban, traditional brews like 'ashaba' and 'atingba' remain prevalent, indicating the complex relationship between prohibition laws and cultural practices.
The motivations for enforcing alcohol prohibition in these regions are multifaceted:
Despite the intentions behind prohibition, several challenges have emerged:
Alcohol prohibition in India reflects a complex interplay of cultural, religious, social, and economic factors. While intended to promote societal welfare, the effectiveness and consequences of such bans continue to be subjects of debate. The experiences of these states and union territories highlight the need for a nuanced approach to alcohol regulation, balancing respect for cultural values with practical considerations of public health and safety.
